The development of language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The improvement of language - Essay Example Today, a great many individuals talk one of the twenty-eight Mayan dialects as their essential language. Aside from for the Waxtek speakers of Veracruz, Mayan dialects involve a huge topographical zone in eastern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, western Honduras, and western El Salvador (Sharer and Traxler 23). Mayan language family incorporates 31 dialects spoken in Guatemala, Belize and southern Mexico. As indicated by general grouping, it has five significant branches. It is much of the time accepted that Huastecan split off in the earliest reference point, trailed by Yucatecan and afterward all different gatherings stretched out (Campbell 71-72).Most of the Mayan speakers are incompletely bilingual and their subsequent language is Spanish or English if there should be an occurrence of Belize(Sharer and Traxler, 23). Different dialects have incredible effect on all Mayan dialects. For example, there is syntactic proof for ancient associations between the Mayan and the connecting language family, MixeZoquean. Getting words began between these gatherings in the Pre-exemplary age and was by and large from Mixe-Zoquea to Mayan. For example, notwithstanding ajaw (master) and kakaw (cocoa or chocolate), many essential Mayan connection and body-part terms originated from Mixe-Zoquean. The majority of the Mayan dialects have not many quantities of loanwords from Nahuatal. Nahuatal is the language of local people groups from Central Mexico, especially post-great Mexica, or Aztecs. Most likely these loanwords allude to the rising significance of the Central Mexican states in the Post-exemplary time. The Maya acquired as well as impacted different dialects. For example, pretty much terminated language of southeastern Guatemala, Xinca doesn't have a place with Mayan language family yet it has an enormous num ber of loanwords from Mayan. Since European contact, the procedure of this trade proceeded with Spanish and English. An awesome model is the word kakaw that has entered English as cocoa simply like Mayan word xook as the

Migration and Settlement in Canada

Question: Talk about the Mirgation and Settlement in Canada. Answer: Presentation The world has up to this point proceeded onward to the domain of humanism and social legitimization relating to guaranteeing settlement to the vagrants. War-torn Africa and Middle East have been seeing pointless harms that brought about extreme unaccounted movement of the individuals to the European and North American Countries. USA and Canada has been the most reasonable spots for those troubled to look for shelter (Riao-Alcal Goldring, 2014). The administration of both the nations have been useful and moral towards the settlement of the evacuees. These displaced people or migrants are for the most part Africans, Afghani and Syrian (Nettelbeck et al., 2016). Constant war and inside defilement inside these nations have driven their comrades away from their own homeland and resettle some place they don't think about (White Domene, 2017). The report by one way or another demonstrations like an activity to free the individuals disengaged from their country, and attempts to give them another personality to live with. There are various sections if the report. The primary fragment audits a narrative movie coordinated by Monika Delmo that extends the appearance and settlement of two young people both from African landmass. When the film is checked on, the report targets distinguishing the small scale, mezzo and full scale issues followed by structuring mediation systems for the government assistance of the workers. The report closes with a push to legitimize the situational result of the outcasts. Everybodys Children: At the point when a kid is conveyed by a mother, it is known as the moms infant; when it is conceived it becomes everybodys kid. Each Bodys Children is a narrative coordinated by Monika Delmo. The chief has caught a few moving pictures depicting an undetectable stepping stool. The film portrays the pathway of two youngsters looking for asylum in Toronto. Saillieu Dankieh 16 leaves his nation Sierra Leone in view of persistent impact of war. He loses his mom in the war and takes a trip to Canada with a solitary sack. On the opposite side, Joyce Nsimbah shows up at Toronto with $20 close by. Joyce is a 17 years of age young lady from Republic of Congo. She portrays that her dad constrained her for prostitution. Joyce had lost her mom during a war in Congo. Both the young people show up at Canada without knowing anything about the nation. The absolute first issue they face is that the English language. These two high school kids by one way or another gets help from the Government of Canada in regards to their settlement in the nation. Joyce is a French-talking young lady with huge ability of music. She has superb vocal quality, which, she thinks, she has acquired from her mom. In any case, them two beginning remaining alone in a loft consequently looking for comradeship. The plot of the film is woven conveniently featuring the battles of the outcasts through Joyce and Saillieu. Saillieu is helped by the Red Cross society in Canada. They are to apply for outcast repayment, yet at first they lacj cash. Joyce endeavors to get a new line of work so she figures out how to set aside cash for her application expense. Saillieu moves to Matthew House, which is an assistance home for evacuee settlement in the city of Toronto. Joyce discovers some French-talking companions who sensibly facilitate her trouble. The Government with $630 helps them two so they can proceed with their investigation in schools, which is spent in their room lease and uses for different items. Notwithstanding, they have a similar objective that is to get a Permanent Resident Identity. Battle against Identity Crisis: Character emergency has been a significant issue for the exiles in the North American nations (Tecle James, 2014). They realize that they are no comrades. Joyce looks for kinship with the individuals who can communicate in French, on the opposite Saillieu learn English quick. Both these teenagers face positive reaction from the Canadian Government with respect to their lasting settlement. Joyce needs to get recognition, yet she needs to finish her secondary school course from the outset. Saillieu gets a new line of work as a fireman in the city so he chooses to go to night school while working at day time. It isn't Joyce or Sallieu battling to exist in a more up to date world. Thousands and a huge number of outcasts in both the United States and Canada are desiring for their character. Joyce is acquainted with a settlement administration where she is gotten some information about her country and her dad. She experiences all the official strategies to apply for perpetual habitation. Luckily she qualifies all the settlement standards. At long last they locate another reality where they can life their life seeking after success. Hopefulness: Both the adolescents fall for the administration. Nonetheless, larger part of the settlers are stuck in the spin of law. A large number of outsiders are destitute in Canada. They don't have a perpetual private location (Robinson, 2016). They don't have a vocation. They are supported by the Red Cross and a portion of the settlement administration offices so they can go to class or school. Nonetheless, the issue lies in this reality that they can scarcely uncovered the cash. Saillieu and Joyce have nothing to spare as they are to pay the convenience expense, electric bill, food cost and phone bill. However, there are seeks after many like these two adolescents as they are allowed for perpetual settlement in the nation. Understanding Ecological Approach to Social Work: As indicated by the environmental perspective, the earth contains regular factors, for example, substance, natural and physical ones. These are known as the normal assets. Since person is a piece of the regular assets, Ecological way to deal with social work recommends seeing human and condition unitarily as a coordinated piece of one another. Since the hypothesis consistently bolsters observational investigation of social work, the professionals are relied upon to follow its elements. There are a few issues looked by the social laborers while managing the most mind boggling occasions in the general public. Environmental methodology sees the issues in various level to indicate their complexities. These are small scale level issues, mezzo level issues and large scale level issue. Issues Faced During Social Work: There are three degrees of mediations and issues planned by the biological methodology Miniaturized scale level Issues looked by singular social laborers Mezzo Level Issues looked by establishments Full scale Level Network, political framework and other social bodies Small scale Level Social Work: Smaller scale level social work is performed typically by people, little gatherings, families to give assistance and help to the people in question. The New Canadians in the nation are extraordinarily helped by the people. Anyway there are sure issues looked by the migrant, and the social specialists can't wipe out the issue from the core of the individuals. The main deterrent that the settlers face in the new nations is the pervasiveness of xenophobia (Beiser, Puente-Duran Hou, 2015). This is a social issue however it isn't being removed from specific networks. Numerous individual activities have been seen while putting forth a firm attempt to settle the displaced people in the nation, yet people can't perform emphatically in view of the complexities in the framework. Another desperate issue that the people face while helping the exiles or the newcomers in Canada is that they can only with significant effort benefit the contact of the Settlement Agencies as the whole procedure is completely secret. Without governments impedance, they can't practice genuine guide (Stewart et al., 2015). National security in present day days has adjusted severity as far as laws just as legal practices. There are arrangements of shelter for the evacuees so they can live respectively without paying cash. Remembering that, singular help is having a tendency to get out of date in the nation (Gibson, 2014).. Another obstacle the people are while associating with the settlers is the language obstruction. The greater part of the outside migrants coming to Canada have a place either with Africa or to Afghanistan. Subsequently, language stands like a significant obstacle between the migrants and the social laborers. Mezzo Level Social Work: There are gathering of social laborers who attempt to perform social government assistance through the assistance of certain associations. Some way or another these little gatherings incorporate the little NGOs who deal with the settlements in the nations. Followings are the issues that are looked during mezzo level social work- Little gatherings or associations like network building, schools for the outcasts, neighborhood perform mezzo level social work. The most significant body for this situation is network building. According to the film is concerned, Joyce finds her very own network where she meets individuals of her classification the displaced people. The individuals from the network are distinctive in ethnicity, language and religion, yet they have a typical string to weave themselves together. The string is the desire for better life and a solid character in another nation. The congregation assumes a significant job in Joyces life. She finds another measurement in her life in the congregation. She is facilitated and agreeable in the congregation. She sings there and fabricates her certainty. Be that as it may, these networks are themselves segregated from the principle power of the center society. They are just energetic and supportive towards their own individuals since they are the other to the locals. Mathew House is another fine case of the mezzo level social work. It gives shelter to the destitute. Saillieu finds another home with the individuals living in Mathew House. They have a sentiment of harmony. Saillieus condo appeared to be claustrophobic to him as he used to live alone. He had nobody to converse with; neither might he be able to manage the cost of costly room lease. Mathew House is a paradigmatic case of neighborhood where individuals like Saillieu can manage the cost of their work without any problem. Hoever, there are issues. Relatively few neighborhoods are responsive towards the evacuees. The se

Blog Archive MBA Admissions Myths Destroyed HBS Is for Everyone

Blog Archive MBA Admissions Myths Destroyed HBS Is for Everyone Harvard Business School (HBS) offers an excellent MBA programâ€"this is largely a given, and we are not questioning that.  However, what we  will  call into question is whether HBS (or any other school, for that matter) is right for  you. Every year, we get a few calls from confused MBA aspirants who say, “I visited HBS, and I am not sure if there is a fit,” as if that indicates some sort of problem.  Indeed, and this may be shocking to some, HBS is not for everyoneâ€"particularly those who do not relate well to case-based learning, those who want a lot of flexibility in their first-year curriculum, and those who would prefer a small class size (HBS’s Class  of 2017 has 937 students, while the same class at the University of California, Berkeley, Haas School of Business, for example, has just 246). We hope that applicants will use this post as a jumping-off point to critically appraise their target MBA programs and determine which schools are indeed right for them. Start by asking yourself the following questions: Would I prefer to be in a larger program, or would I feel overwhelmed by a larger program’s size? Would I prefer to be in a smaller program, or would that feel claustrophobic? Would I prefer to be at a school with a flexible curriculum and a consistent stream of new classmates and where I could make my own academic choices early on? Would I prefer to learn in a comprehensive core curriculum where I am, for a period of time, learning the same material as my classmates and where academics would provide me with a course structure? Am I best suited for the case method, lecture method, or programs with strong experiential components? (And do I really understand what each entailsâ€"for example, the teamwork and public speaking that is necessary within the case method?) Do my target schools match my academic objectives? Do my target firms recruit at my school? Are alumni well placed in my industry/post-MBA location? (Are alumni even crucial to my career?) Do my target schools have facilities and an environment that appeal to me? Again, these questions are just a startâ€"we could pose many more, but the point is that you will get far more than a brand from your MBA studies. You will gain an education and an alumni network in return for your investment of two years and thousands of dollars. You should therefore skip the rankings, determine what is important to you, and then do your homework to identify a program that  truly fits your personality, needs, and goals. Share ThisTweet Admissions Myths Destroyed Blog Archive MBA Admissions Myths Destroyed HBS Is for Everyone Harvard Business School (HBS) offers an excellent MBA programâ€"this is largely a given, and we are not questioning that.  However, what we  will  call into question is whether HBS (or any other school, for that matter) is right for  you. Every year, we get a few calls from confused MBA aspirants who say, “I visited HBS, and I am not sure if there is a fit,” as if that indicates some sort of problem.  Indeed, and this may be shocking to some, HBS is not for everyoneâ€"particularly those who do not relate well to case-based learning, those who want a lot of flexibility in their first-year curriculum, and those who would prefer a small class size (HBS’s Class  of 2018 has 934 students, while the same class at the University of California, Berkeley, Haas School of Business, for example, has just 252). We hope that applicants will use this post as a jumping-off point to critically appraise their target MBA programs and determine which schools are indeed right for them. Start by asking yourself the following questions: Would I prefer to be in a larger program, or would I feel overwhelmed by a larger program’s size? Would I prefer to be in a smaller program, or would that feel claustrophobic? Would I prefer to be at a school with a flexible curriculum and a consistent stream of new classmates and where I could make my own academic choices early on? Would I prefer to learn in a comprehensive core curriculum where I am, for a period of time, learning the same material as my classmates and where academics would provide me with a course structure? Am I best suited for the case method, lecture method, or programs with strong experiential components? (And do I really understand what each entailsâ€"for example, the teamwork and public speaking that is necessary within the case method?) Do my target schools match my academic objectives? Do my target firms recruit at my school? Are alumni well placed in my industry/post-MBA location? (Are alumni even crucial to my career?) Do my target schools have facilities and an environment that appeal to me? Again, these questions are just a startâ€"we could pose many more, but the point is that you will get far more than a brand from your MBA studies. You will gain an education and an alumni network in return for your investment of two years and thousands of dollars. You should therefore skip the rankings, determine what is important to you, and then do your homework to identify a program that  truly fits your personality, needs, and goals. Share ThisTweet Admissions Myths Destroyed Harvard University (Harvard Business School)

The Code Of Ethics And Advocate For Patients - 792 Words

Nursing Profession As patients continue to seek for medical tourism as their medical care options, nurses play a vital role in patient care and patient education. Under Provision 2 of the Code of Ethics, nurses are committed to provide patient-centered care and need to provide opportunities for the patients to participate in the patients’ care plans by working together with other health care providers (Fowler, 2015, p. 26). Nurses need to educate patients on health care environments of host countries, appropriate facilities for the patients’ treatments, possible risks, and ethical and legal considerations (Plonien Baldwin, 2014, p. 433). Moreover, nurses need to assist patient with decision makings by providing accurate information regarding treatment options that the patients are seeking abroad. Because continuity of care is one of the concerns that medical tourism brings, nurses need to practice Provision 4 of the Code of Ethics and advocate for patients’ prop er follow-up care and facilitate exchange of confidential health information between medical care providers in host countries and in home countries (Fowler, 2015, p. 62; Essler Casken, 2013, p. 183). As the demand for medical tourism increases, nurses will need to provide guidance regarding specific medical tourism that patients are interested in and help to improve patients’ health. Personal View and Recommendations Medical tourism is a great mechanism to serve those who are underserved in health care systemShow MoreRelatedNursing is a field that requires a true understanding about ethics. Ethics by definition is the600 Words   |  3 Pagesrequires a true understanding about ethics. Ethics by definition is the study or use of moral belief. Morality is the the act of actually following these beliefs. So  to follow the code of ethics is to be moral. Each nurse is expected to follow the standards set out by the code of ethics from the American Nurse Association  (ANA) and from his or her  place of employment in order to practice morally. The ANAs code of ethics highlights that a nurse should care for all patients equally regardless of race,Read MoreWgu Paper1509 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study on Ethics Jennifer Flathers Western Governors University Registered nurses have a moral and legal responsibility to uphold a patient’s rights in relation to their personal health care. An important nursing standard of practice speaks to the registered nurse acting as a patient advocate. WAC 246-840-700 section 3c states â€Å"The registered nurse†¦acts as client advocates in health maintenance and clinical care.† (Washington State Legislature, Practice Standards, 2004) The role of theRead MoreMovie Review : Wit ( 2001 )1074 Words   |  5 Pageswherein we come across those patients who have been terminally ill and as nurses we need to guarantee that we can promote life and protect our patient’s interest. There will come a time when we might face some ethical dilemmas regarding our care for our patients that makes it difficult for us to morally decide on which action to take. But as nurses, we follow professional guidelines which help us in deciding which action is morally right and to ensure that the patients are given the treatment andRead MoreForensic Nursing Codes Of Ethics1382 Words   |  6 Pagesincluding forensic nursing, has its unique population and scope of practice, every field of nursing can and should utilize the Codes of Ethics from the American Nurses Association. The 2015 Code â€Å"addresses individual as well as collective nursing intentions and actions; it requires each nurse to demonstrate ethical competence in profess ional life† (ANA, 2015, p. 7). This code can be broken down into nine provisions which highlight the main focuses every nurse should strive to abide by in practice. BecauseRead MoreNursing Roles and Values1254 Words   |  6 PagesNursing Roles and Values Task one Western Governors University Nursing Roles and Values Task One This scenario presents various ethical issues that could be argued several ways from HIPPA violations to whether or not this patient has/had the cognitive ability to understand the execution of an advanced directive and Power of Attorney. Advance Directives are put in place for this very reason. It eliminates the need for family members to make a choice in the heat of the momentRead MoreMoral And Ethical Dilemma Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pagesprinciples, and the ANA code of ethics for nurses, discusses how the scenarios presented should be appropriately resolved. Complex moral issues often arise within the healthcare setting and healthcare professionals are required to manage such vulnerable situations as they arise. This scenario of an 89year old male with self- inflicted gun-shot wound to the head, intubated and unresponsive with dilated right pupil is a reflection of the ethical dilemma that occurs on a daily basis in patient care around theRead MoreHow Ana Codes Of Ethics Affect Nursing Practice1084 Words   |  5 PagesCode of Ethics According to the American Nursing Association, â€Å" Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations† (Association, Scope and Standards of Practice, 2010). In the case scenario, a middle aged man is admitted to the hospital because of his bleeding ulcer. He isRead MoreProfessional Code Of Conduct : An Ethical Approach1419 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional Code of Conduct: An Ethical approach in Nursing The health care system consists of broad spectrums which construct opportunities to provide quality care to their clients. These opportunities are influenced by society and technology consisted demands for streamline processes in health care. Those streamline processes focus on the review of professional code of conduct subjected to an overall mandate of regulations. In particular, regulations pertaining to health care ethics. For thisRead MoreCode of Ethics1610 Words   |  7 Pages2W2 Section 1: Nursing Code of Ethics Provision 1. The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems. Provision 2. The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, or community. Provision 3. The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives toRead MoreCode Of Ethics For Nurses1274 Words   |  6 PagesCode of Ethics for Nurses In the nursing profession, nurses often find ethical reasoning that not only evaluates actions and their results, but also questions why we perceive certain incidences to be paramount for us as humans. Ethics attempts to decide how actions are deemed right or wrong. The Code of ethics, which is a set of guidelines published by the International Council of Nurses, helps direct nurses in everyday decisions and it defends their refusal to take part in events that disagree with

Analysis Of The Six Films - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1657 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/03/19 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Film Analysis Essay Did you like this example? Killing Us Softly 4: Advertising’s Image of Women analysis Killing Us Softly 4: Advertising’s Image of Women, produced by Cambridge Documentary Films, Inc. and released in 2010, is written by and stars Jean Kilbourne. In this latest movie in the Killing Us Softly series, Jean Kilbourne focuses on the way women are presented and represented in the advertisement industry, more so in the advertisements that run on different types of media. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis Of The Six Films" essay for you Create order The film takes a critical look at an emerging pattern in gender stereotyping, using images and videos to show how advertising companies help propagate an unrealistic view, and perception, of sexuality, perfection and beauty. Expanding on the central issues covered in this film, objectification stands out as one of the biggest of them all. Jean asserts that advertisements often tell women that the most important thing about them is how they look. This message is then surrounded and forced by images and videos that portray the ideal look, which is more often than not unrealistic and unattainable. The message here boils down to this, a woman is only desirable when they look a certain way, essentially turning them into a thing to be used to sell products. The film also takes a look at how black women, women of color, are perceived and represented in the advertising industry. Essentially, they are not considered beautiful enough if they do not fit into the mould of white idealism; straight hair, lighter skin and perceived caucasian features. On the issue of image, Jean talks about black women getting featured in jungle settings, often wearing â€Å"exotic† clothing as if they were animals. Blacking Up: Hip Hop’s Remix of Race and Identity analysis Blacking Up: Hip Hop’s Remix of Race and Identity, produced and released by Limbic Productions in 2010, is directed by Robert Anderson Clift and stars some of the biggest names in the American Hip Hop culture. The film takes a critical look at racial identity as viewed through the lens of hip-hop music and culture. More specifically, the film focuses on the tensions that arise surrounding white identification in the hip-hop space. Moreover, the film also explores other themes such as exploitation, cultural admiration as well as what hip-hop means to white performers and white fans of rap music who claim the culture to be theirs. In the film, the filmmaker takes us through a series of questions, all of them culmination in asking what makes the black culture so attractive to white rappers. Speaking while wearing blackface, Al Johnson, a white rapper, tries to negate the idea that the perception of black rappers being lowly mem bers of society is wrong. Although the blackface Johnson wears while making his point irritates the black community, one scholar notes that what Johnson is doing is embracing the black facade and in a way trying to fight the racial stereotypes associated with black rappers. Robert Anderson also takes a look at authenticity, in this case, the authenticity of white rappers and how they fit into the hip hop culture. Although several rappers in the film feel that these white rappers are unauthentic as â€Å"they do not come from the culture†, the gnawing need for white rappers to be incorporated into the hip hop domain might prove that they have what it takes to fit in. More Than a Word: Native American- Based Sports Mascot analysis More Than a Word: Native American- Based Sports Mascot is a film produced and directed by John and Kenn Little and released in 2017. The film takes a closer look at the battles that have been fought in and out of courts by Native Americans in a bid to stop the NFL’s use of the word Redskins under any and all circumstances. The argument by the Native Americans is that the name is derogatory and should not have been trademarked as the NFL has done, going even as far as incorporating the word in the names of some teams. The film features pictures and videos combined with interviws from people in the know about the issue and the court battles, including professors, Native Amricans, historians as well as the fans of the washington football team using the word. In the film, the viewer is taken through the historical and dictionary definitions of the word, as well as how each of the groups mentioned above interprets the word. The film then takes a turn by exploring the issue of whether the owners of the football team are racist or if the people fighting for the team not to use the word are in fact themselves racists, hiding behind a word and court rulings, appeals and battles to put others down. In the film, one Native American even asserts that the use of the word is indeed racist and by Native Americans fighting for its abolishment, they are in fact fighting against neo-colonialism and reshaping the way they are viewed and represented. Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People is a film directed by Sut Jhally and produced by Media Education Foundation and was released in 2006. The film takes a look at how Arabs and Muslims are depicted in films and how their image is vilified and manipulated. The movie argues that the slander of Arabs in Hollywood has existed for almost a century and no one has batted an eye or even questioned this status quo. The arguments presented in this film are based on a huge collection of American films, some of them released in the early 1900s. The image of Arabs portrayed in this fil includes that of Arab men, viewed as evil, uncouth, nomadic and violent, and that of Arab women, viewed in the analyzed films as shallow and naive, serving greedy sheikhs. Jack Shaheen, the author of the book that this film is based on, argues that politics play a significant role in how these images are produced and disseminated. He says that politics and Hollywood often feed each other, with politics providing the propaganda that the films then latch on to produce their blockbusters. The blockbusters are then filled with the depictions mentioned above of Arabs. Another interesting point brought up in the film is the association between Muslims, Arabs and terror. The film looks at how Hollywood equates all Muslims to Arabs, all Arabs to evil and terror and then concludes that all Muslims must be evil. The film urges viewers to take a hard look at the messaging that came out after events such as the 9/11 attacks and differentiate between a sma ll group of terrorists and the massive world that is the Arab nation. The Girls in the Band: Female Jazz Musicians analysis The Girls in the Band: Female Jazz Musicians is a 2013 film directed by Judy Chaikin and produced by Artist Tribe and One Step Productions. The film takes a critical look at how female jazz players have been treated, represented and treated in the music industry. Although there are lots of great female jazz players, their treatment has not been the same as that of their male counterparts, as the film producers’ explored and discovered. The film is a story of these female jazz players and includes interviews, stories, challenges and experiences of some of the best women jazz players in those days. The film first takes a look at the unwritten rule that women jazz players could not be hired in the 1940s and 40s. The prejudice extended to the few women who were hired, who were often coached to fit into an acceptable mould set up by males in this male-dominated field. For example, they were told to smile while playing, an impossible feat, what to wear, more often than not pink, short, girly outfits, and how to act as they performed. There was also the feminine jazz look the girls had to look like film stars; slender, tall and light-skinned, an image propagated by the media of the day. In addition to all of the above, most of the women in the film talk about the general lack of role models as they grew up. They argue that this is because of a system that would not let women in, thereby leaving a gaping hole that men could not fill. Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton’s Cafeteria Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton’s Cafeteria is a 2005 documentary that was written and directed by Victor Silverman and Susan Stryker. The film explores issues of transgender people most notably those of harassment, using the 1966 riot at the Compton’s Cafeteria. In the film, the background to the riot is that the urban renewal had destroyed low rent apartments. In addition, managers and owners of residences preferred tenants who were respectable, non-transgenders. This forced transgender people to move into the Tenderloin. The Compton cafeteria, located at the corner of Turk and Taylor streets was the one place that transgenders, male hustlers(as they are called in the film) and regulars took a rest. On this night, the owners of the restaurant were annoyed with a group of people making noise at one table and decide to call the police. One of the police officers, who was known to be rough with the Compton clientele, attempts to arrest one of the drag queens, she throws her cup of coffee at him. This becomes the start of the Compton Riot of 1966. The riot grows bigger as all the transgender people unite to fight the police; windows break, chairs are thrown around and when police reinforcements arrive, the riot moves to the streets. The film features interviews from different people who were there on that night, and one thing is clear, all of them feel that the riot was a result of pent up anger and frustration; anger and frustration from marginalization and harassment. The film also takes a look at how a community grew out of the riots.

The Role Of Power In 1984 - 1889 Words

Power is the catalyst which establishes government, leaders, societal hierarchies and civilisation. It is an inseparable part of human nature, which is reflected in pop culture and literature. In an excerpt from 1984 by George Orwell, the theme of power and the abuse of power is privileged, and the allocation of the power in that society is discussed. Lord of the Flies, contrarily, depicts a scenario in which the individual has complete power, and constraints of authority and civilisation are removed. In the trailer, the composer uses film language such as dark music and jump shots to chaotic scenes to demonstrate the effects of complete freedom and the danger of it. Winston Churchill’s 1947 commentary that â€Å"Democracy is the worst form of†¦show more content†¦Already our control over matter is absolute.† (Orwell). This quote exemplifies the extent to which the Party hijacks the mental processes of people to gain power, and how that is more crucial to unopposed power than physical control already established. Thus, Orwell presents a perspective on power through exploring the restriction of free thought and movement, and how that benefits a totalitarian government. A further perspective on power conveyed in the extract from 1984 is that of collective power and loss of individuality. O’brien explains the concept of ‘power in the masses’ to Winston to highlight the futility of his own rebellion: â€Å"The first thing you must realise is that power is collective. The individual only has power in so far as he ceases to be an individual.† (Orwell). While it is implied that assimilating with a collective creates power, the true effect of this is not that the individual has power, but instead that those in charge of the collective. A slogan of the party, â€Å"freedom is slavery† is one of three ironic statements echoed throughout the novel. On his spiel about power, O’brien delves into the meaning: You know the Party slogan: â€Å"Freedom is Slavery.† Has it ever occurred to you that it is reversible? Slavery is freedom. Alone - free - the human being is always defeated. It must be so, because every human being is doomed to die, which is the greatest of all failures. But if he can make complete, utter, submission, if he can escape fromShow MoreRelated1994 George Orwell Dramatic performance analysis1455 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell’s novel 1984 springs to life with this stage adaptation presented by the highly entertaining theatre company Shake and Stir. In the totalitarian society of 1984, lies, myths and false information dictate the population and this is portrayed beautifully in the theatrical presentation of the novel. 1984 tells the story of Winston, a man with no hope, the party controls his life, his not his mind. He believes that the party is spreading false truths to retain power over the people, andRead MoreParallels In Power And Othering In 1984 And Imbeciles.1416 Words   |  6 Pages Parallels in Power and Othering in 1984 and Imbeciles Like many I was aware of the eugenics movement in the United States in the 1920’s. However, after reading the story of Carrie Buck and learning more about the nature of the procedurals involved in these sterilizations I have a new found understanding of the roles Power and Othering played in the unlawful tests conducted on Carrie buck and many members of her family. The way in which those elite of the 1920’s mimics the party and the thoughtRead MoreAntigone‚Äà ´s Law: a Critique of Patriarchal Power Structures1121 Words   |  5 Pages         Antigone’s Law: A Critique of Patriarchal Power Structures    The heroine Antigone sacrifices her life to defy the patriarchal society in which she is imprisoned. By confronting and resisting Creon’s authoritarian rule, Antigone empowers the oppressed people of Thebes. On the surface, her motives seem clear; she defies civil law in favor of a higher moral law. Antigone declares she acts out of a sense of honor and obedience to the gods, however her words and actions reveal additionalRead MoreThe Novel, 1984, By George Orwell923 Words   |  4 Pagesdystopian novels, wrote his most famous book, 1984, in the 1940s. Almost 60 years later in 1999 the Wachowski brothers wrote and directed one of the greatest film trilogies of all time, The Matrix. 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Disposal and Prevention Mechanism †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Disposal and Prevention Mechanism. Answer: Introduction: Hand hygiene is a personal hygiene practice which is aimed at reducing the infectious agents transmission risks through contact. These infectious agents can contaminate hands through contact with patients surroundings, other healthcare workers, the environment and the patient. In practice, hand hygiene should be practiced after every episode of contact with the patient and any other activity that can result into contamination of the hands including removal of gloves[1]. Therefore, regular hand hygiene should be conducted before a procedure, before touching a patient, after touching a patient and their surroundings and after risk of exposure of a body substance/ a procedure. In addition to that, hand hygiene should be practiced before starting or leaving work, handling or eating any foods or drinks and using computer keyboards in clinical areas. It should also be done after visiting the toilet, removing gloves, touching the mouth or nose, using computer keyboard especially in a clinic al area, hands becoming soiled (visible), being in patient care during infection outbreaks and handling waste/laundry/equipment. It is also important familiarize oneself with hand hygiene procedures provided in the particular organization and use the hand care products that they provide for different situations and as directed[2]. Hand hygiene can be done using hand rubs which are alcohol-based since they are more effective against a greater part of ordinary infectious agents as compared to water with antiseptic soap. Attending education sessions on hand hygiene can also help in refreshing skill and knowledge on hand hygiene. One page 22 of the guidelines is a table describing the transmission-based precautions. Chose one of the precautions then go to the section of the guide relating to that precaution. Summarize in your own how you would apply those precautions in a healthcare environment. Transmission based precautions are put in place with standard precautions. They reduce further transmissions of particular pathogens arising from specific transmission route opportunities. Environmental cleaning which involves physical cleaning of the surfaces known or suspected to contain infectious agents is done by use of detergents to avoid their transmission. Then a TGA (registered hospital grade disinfectant) is used e.g. 2-in-1 clean or 2-step clean to disinfect the surfaces where applicable[3]. Surfaces are classified into; those with frequent contact (high risk surfaces) and those with minimal hand contact (low risk surfaces). The frequently touched surfaces should be cleaned more frequently than those which are not frequently touched. When MROs are known or suspected to be existing, the surfaces are intensively cleaned and a disinfectant is used on the surfaces. After cleaning with water, its important to also allow the surfaces to dry. A detergent solution can be used for general surface cleaning (walls, blinds and floors) and administrative offices since they are not part of patient care areas. Window curtains should be frequently cleaned and changed. On the other hand frequently touched surfaces and those close to patients e.g. light switches, over bed tables, doorknobs, bedrails and walls around patient room toilets should be frequently cleaned with detergents respective to the nature of the surface[4]. Describe how you would respond to this risk. Specifically, state what potential risk this case example could cause and how you would respond? (Hint: use the guidelines for use of PPE and cleaning) First, i will lock out the area around the spillage so that people might not step on it and drag it to a wider area or get cut by the sharps and get infected. Then i will get the spill kit which contains a scoop, single use gloves, surgical mask, absorbent agent, detergent, clinical waste bags, ties, eye protection and scraper[5]. I will wear the gloves and other PPE and scoop the spills putting them into a new bag. I will clean the area with detergent and disinfectant chemical e.g. sodium hypochlorite based on the risk of infectious agents transmission. Then discard the cleaning materials in waste a container. In addition, I will wait for the area to dry before letting people use it. Other workers can be at risk of slipping on the floor and getting cut by the sharps in the spill and getting infected. They can also increase the contaminated areas if they accidentally come into contact with the spills and walk/ contact different/ new surfaces patients and other medical stuff. The stuff can be informed by word of mouth and by sealing the area and labeling it contaminated they will be able to know and keep off[6]. Describe briefly the key points in cleaning the healthcare work environment. In your answer please describe: It is worn when there is a risk of transmission of infectious agents to reduce the risk. Different PPE are used for different risks. They include gowns, gloves, mask and protective face shield. Normal detergent is used for everyday cleaning of surfaces, walls and curtains which do not have/are not considered being at a high risk of infection. However, the choice of the detergent also depends on the surface to be cleaned. Sterilization prevents disease transmission by killing microorganisms on the surfaces of device or instruments[7]. Heat resistant items are reprocessed by steam sterilization because of its safety margin, validity, lethality and reliability while those that are moisture and heat sensitive use sterilization technology of low temperature e.g. hydrogen peroxide plasma, aldehyde, ethylene oxide and peracetic acid. Reprocessing data is recorded for reference. However, to accommodate emerging technologies and changes in equipment design, reprocessing standards should evolve. Storage should be done in a way that maintains equipments reprocessing level (i.e. high disinfected level, sterile)[8]. Therefore, sterile, dry packaged equipments and instruments should be kept in a dry, clean environment and protected from objects that may damage the packaging e.g. sharp objects. Instrument surfaces and equipment should be examined regularly for breaks which might impair cleaning or sterilization. Those that are not in the right working conditions are repaired or discarded. PPE is required when there is a risk of transmission of infectious agents. They should be changed depending on the Particular PPE e.g. gloves need to be changed after a single activity since they can be torn and increase the risk of infection. They should also be handled according to the recommended guidelines to avoid infecting the person using them when they remove them. This is vital so as to ensure waste is transported, stored and ultimately disposed off in a manner that complies with regulations of clinical waste disposal. For instance the following color codes are used: back (mixed municipal waste), yellow and black (offensive), blue (medical), Orange (clinical/infectious), yellow (highly infectious), red (anatomical) and purple (cytotoxic)[9]. Healthcare waste should be stored inside the healthcare facility or research center. Waste in containers or bags should be stored in a separate room, building or area appropriate to the frequency and quantities of wastes produced and their collection[10]. The storage should be protected from the sun, inaccessible to unauthorized persons, availability of cleaning water, accessible to waste collection vehicles, inaccessible to animals, birds and insects, should have a hard standing floor that has a good drainage, impermeable, easy to disinfect and clean, not near to food store or preparation areas, should have cleaning equipment, waste bags and protective clothing, good lighting and passive ventilation. Clinical waste is segregated correctly, stored and transported to the appropriate facilities for its safe disposal to avoid risk to the environment and humans. What is the purpose of a clean zone and what should be maintained within this area? This are specifically designated places/areas for non-contaminated items. These items include those that are sterile and disinfected. They include: material and equipment storage areas, administration and medical record areas, medical preparation areas-dressing/materials/equipment/medicines etc. What is the purpose of a contaminated zone in the healthcare environment and what should be confined to this space? Contaminated areas include areas that have become contaminated during medical procedures and those for processing dirty equipments[11]. They may be marked by signs like, no gloved hands past this point so as personnel can remove contaminated gloves before leaving. These zones include cleaners room, dirty linen sorting areas, dirty utility rooms, and disposal rooms. Bibliography Balaras, C.A., Dascalaki, E. and Gaglia, A., 2007. HVAC and indoor thermal conditions in hospital operating rooms. Energy and Buildings, 39(4), pp.454-470. Erasmus, V., Daha, T.J., Brug, H., Richardus, J.H., Behrendt, M.D., Vos, M.C. and van Beeck, E.F., 2010. Systematic review of studies on compliance with hand hygiene guidelines in hospital care. Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology, 31(03), pp.283-294. Dorsch, J.A., 2012. Understanding anesthesia equipment. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Falagas, M.E., Thomaidis, P.C., Kotsantis, I.K., Sgouros, K., Samonis, G. and Karageorgopoulos, D.E., 2011. Airborne hydrogen peroxide for disinfection of the hospital environment and infection control: a systematic review. Journal of Hospital Infection, 78(3), pp.171-177. Ferreira, V. and Teixeira, M.R., 2010. Healthcare waste management practices and risk perceptions: findings from hospitals in the Algarve region, Portugal. Waste management, 30(12), pp.2657-2663. Harding, A.D., Almquist, L.J. and Hashemi, S., 2011. The use and need for standard precautions and transmission-based precautions in the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 37(4), p.367. Harte, J.A., 2010. Standard and transmission-based precautions: an update for dentistry. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 141(5), pp.572-581. Ho, C.C. and Liao, C.J., 2011. The use of failure mode and effects analysis to construct an effective disposal and prevention mechanism for infectious hospital waste. Waste Management, 31(12), pp.2631-2637. Hossain, M.S., Santhanam, A., Norulaini, N.N. and Omar, A.M., 2011. Clinical solid waste management practices and its impact on human health and environmentA review. Waste management, 31(4), pp.754-766. Lovegrove, J., 2012. Hand hygiene and infection control. Nursing OSCEs: A Complete Guide to Exam Success, p.53. Rana, T., Bera, A.K., Das, S., Bhattacharya, D., Bandyopadhyay, S., Pan, D. and Das, S.K., 2010. Effect of chronic intake of arsenic-contaminated water on blood oxidative stress indices in cattle in an arsenic-affected zone. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 73(6), pp.1327-1332. Tsakona, M., Anagnostopoulou, E. and Gidarakos, E., 2007. Hospital waste management and toxicity evaluation: a case study. Waste management, 27(7), pp.912-920.

Crouching in the shadows Review Essay Example

Crouching in the shadows Review Paper Essay on Crouching in the shadows I can confidently say Alex Pekhov my favorite domestic fiction. Hardly can say that he has brought to the genre of fantasy, something new, no boundaries it does not expand, do not bring anything. But one of his books a person writes with great affection, no schlock, and very proniknovenno.Est something in his books, which is a hypnotic element that tightens. He has three series, one I do not like, it is called Kindret I do not like, because they do not really like the vampire theme in principle, even in his performance, although there have very interesting features is momenty.No my nature than it is not professionalizma.Lyudyam that vampire theme interesna- read Kindret no Twilight and some do not lie and the other two series, Id like to recommend to fans of the genre this cycle. The Chronicles of Sial, just Crouching in the shadow of the initial book of the trilogy. The narrative is the main character named Garrett, his profession: thief specialization: geroy.Zavyazka banal: Garrett gets the job, just like in the fairy tale about Andrea Archer: Go there, do not know where, bring it, I do not know what Actually, I heard somewhere that the author was accused, that the basis for the book he took a computer game, and almost without changing the plot embodied in knige- do not know if its true, but in any case this embodiment is read with pleasure, and I read with pleasure, can not get it for a similar plagiarism reproach. There is something in his manner of writing enticing, attracts attention and rasslablyayuschee.Est to book a place, I sincerely hope (its not alienate readers) which is described as the Garrett enters the cave, and just like in a walker, walking, wandering, something this cave is happening, and so on page 80, and it is impossible to break away We will write a custom essay sample on Crouching in the shadows Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Crouching in the shadows Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Crouching in the shadows Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The second fascinating cycle. The cycle of the Wind and sparks, the main characters: NÃ ¦ss and Laen, then war mages crash imperiy.Dlya fans of fantasy, nothing new The story of certainly very interesting, dynamic and full of surprises, sometimes comes across Otley ny exchange of remarks, but it does not matter what the author writes, is important as the And he writes very well.

Lifeboat Ethics Essay Sample

Lifeboat Ethics Essay Sample Lifeboat Ethics Essay When we say lifeboat, this is pertaining to a metaphor that is focused on the significance of providing a humanitarian way of helping other individuals. This is an ethical situation of saving other individuals whenever they need something significant to improve their lifestyle. The ethical issue of lifeboat is focused on providing sustainability for the marginalized sectors of the population. These are the minorities who have scarce or no resources in order to sustain their longevity or productivity in the society. Lifeboat pertains to the growing problems of poverty in our society, which means that government institutions are stepping up to prevent people from migrating to other countries that are undocumented. This is because it could risk their lives by being exposed to criminal and terrorist elements of the society. Lifeboat is referred to a situation wherein there is an inevitable amount of population experiencing the cruelest way of living their life to the fullest terms. The reason behind is that they are unable to secure a life that should have been an important factor of being productive. The ethical norm in this situation is halted because they were not given proper social welfare sustainability by the local government unit. One major issue is a financial status of the country wherein it is brought about by low economic development. The economic integrity of a nation has been essentially hampering minority groups to receive the rightful care in order to survive. This means that minority groups were ethically deprived because there is a lesser amount of subsidies provided by the local government unit as a way to promote their welfare and integrity as a member of the population. There are scenarios wherein lifeboat ethics has been tarnished by several government institutions. One example is the transcontinental migration of Africans to flee from their violent community towards Europe. Similarly with the Latin American migrants that are moving from their violent and corrupt societies from South and Central America towards the United States to pursue a better lifestyle. Affected members of the population have one major goal, which is to seek a better life as well as to have a greener pasture. Some Asian countries in South Asia and Southeast Asia are also seeking asylum after arriving in Australia from their countries to have a better future to a land that is peaceful without any risk of being harmed. The problem with these migrants is the threat of terrorism because there are other members of the terrorist organizations that are posing as migrants to reach their target countries and then will start terrorist campaigns. The ethical dilemma of lifeboat circumstances is the ability of the law enforcement agencies to produce abusive practices towards the migrants that best represents a lifeboat ethics. The reason behind is that some migrants were thought to be members of a criminal organization or terrorist group basing their tattoos or the Islamic names that could pose a risk to the security of the society. Physical abuse, torture, illegal detention, and executions of presumed terrorist or members of criminal organizations were usually being applied by government forces in the United States, European Union, and Australia. As a result, human rights were violated as a result of these abusive practices that have led to public scandal due to an inhuman practice towards undocumented immigrants (Doleac Stein, 2013). Reference Doleac, Jennifer L. Stein, Luke C.D. (2013).  The Visible Hand: Race and Online Market Outcomes.  The Economic Journal.  123  (572): F469–F492.

Depression and Cognitive Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Depression and Cognitive Style - Essay Example During depressive periods, ruminating on a problem may assist an individual in understanding why feelings of depression exist and how difficult issues may be solved. This may be because ruminating usually involves mentally analyzing a problem to assist oneself in achieving a resolution. However ruminating may be harmful as well, as "Women ruminate more than men, and rumination is a significant predictor of future depression even after the current level of depression is taken into account (citing Nolen-Hoeksema, Larson, & Grayson, 1999; Crawford & Unger 492). As my short survey supports, women use distractions less than men when depressed, which may result in "less effective problem solving, and fewer attempts to seek help from others (citing Broderick & Korteland, 2002; Crawford & Unger 492). ... This is unfortunate because distraction activities can entail engaging in activities the affected individual may enjoy, therefore, the result may be positively rewarding and assist in relieving a depressive state. Distraction activities to relieve depression may also have a long-term negative impact in some cases, as the depressed individual may substitute drinking, or other destructive behaviors for positive activities that may aid in relieving depression. This may result in the depressive state returning as the negative behavior only acts as a short-term solution for the problem, and not a cure. Possible Connection Between Cognitive Style and the Development of Major Depression As indicated, women ruminate more than men do, and ruminating behavior is a "significant predictor" of major depression in the future (citing Nolen-Hoeksema, Larson, & Grayson, 1999; Crawford & Unger 492). A depressed mood may be extended by rumination and create cognitive biases which may create vulnerability for normal depression that may play a role in the onset of clinical depression. Relationship Between Gender-Role Socialization, Gender Expectations, and Cognitive Style Early socialization creates differences between males and females in dealing with problems, including depression. Girls are taught to consider the feelings of others during conflicts, and rumination about problems was not discouraged. Males have reported that as young boys they were ignored or punished when expressing feelings of sadness, while being told boys should not ruminate about conflicts or issues (citing Broderick & Korteland, 2002; Crawford & Unger 492). Power and status in society has a great

The Puritan Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Puritan Dilemma - Essay Example the new colony, including several deaths and several colonists returning to England, the situation in the new world has changed dramatically and we have seen a great number of new settlers arrive and settle in our area. We have found a favorable place to settle with a beautiful harbor and enjoy a great deal of freedom in practicing our religion as we see fit. This is the greatest reason why one should choose to move to our colony even should it be necessary to practice some untruth to escape the oppressive nature of the kingdom by obtaining licensing to Virginia and then traveling to Massachusetts. Under Winthrop’s guidance, the colony has done very well. We had a good start thanks to Winthrop’s efforts in carefully selecting our founding colonists to be God-fearing men and women with a good variety of skills that would be helpful in the new world. Of the first 1000 settlers, we had coopers, sawyers, doctors, pastors and other skilled workers and planters as well as an enormous supply of provisions against our first few years of establishment. The first few struggles in which some of the colonists suffered illness and death and others left feeling the new world was not for them included the death of Winthrop’s son and the surprise of finding earlier settlers dispirited and starving upon our arrival. However, thanks to Winthrop’s guidance and planning, we were not concerned about survival within our first year of foundation and have even found a means of communicating amicably with our wild neighbors. It is one of the great dilemmas of our Puritan beliefs that we must often balance our decisions between life and God. Our excellent governor tells us to contemplate â€Å"the problem of doing right in a world that does wrong† (Morgan, 1998: 203). Winthrop tells us about his love for hunting which is to such an extent that he realizes he should not take such pleasure in it if he is to properly serve God. â€Å"Puritanism required that man refrain from

Learning Styles Is Significant To Student Nurses Nursing Essay

Learning Styles Is Significant To Student Nurses Nursing Essay In my own understanding, learning style is defined as how individuals prefer to learn or their steady way of responding and using stimuli in the aims of improving their learning. According to Keefe (1979) learning style is defined as the composition of cognitive, affective and psychological behaviour that serves as an indicator of how an individual perceives, interacts with and responds to the learning environment. There are numerous definitions to the perspective of learning style. Sims and Sims (1995) also stated that learning style helps in providing means for developing systematic understanding of how to absorb, retain and process the content of information. In difference, Moseley, Hall Ecclestone (2004) stated that the diverse experiences of individuals learning can be difficult to measure to how best an individuals learning styles is determined. This learning style has been majorly stated to allow individuals to learn through the experiences thereby helping different people to organise and manage their own learning (Goldfinch Hughes, 2007).Understanding learning styles supports student nurses in comprehending the value of learning and developing the skills needed to practice. It is important for an individual to know their learning style because it helps to build and produce effective team work as well as to strengthen self-confidence. Learning styles have been an aid to reflection as it helps nurses to reflect appropriately on the care of the patients. Without learning styles for nursing students, it can be quite challenging to reflect on a situation as reflection stages involve thinking and learning in order to produce a better outcome. OCarroll Park (2007) also stated that reflection has become a key learning tool for practice based professions such as nursing. This simply means nurses are expected to reflect at all times based on the kind of care that is given and also to reflect on any areas of improvement, and if the right care is given to the right patients to provide a good standard of care. According to Cottrell (2003) learning is a multi-faceted process involving an individuals learning history, the environment and the interaction in between. It is therefore based on the styles that are being used to acquire new knowledge and skills (Lesmes-Anel, Robinson Moody, 2001).Another use of understanding learning styles for student nurses is for strategy how to overcome problematic situations and also to be more competent when qualified. For example if a student nurse have knowledge about their learning style, they will be able to look for the environment that best suit them as an individuals and would be able to work effectively within a team and other interdisciplinary team successfully . Student nurses will also be able to target areas that need improvement by identifying the areas that are more difficult or a weakness so as to set up a strategy to deal with it for a better outcome, to get more out of education career and to be able to deliver good standard of care to patient. To sum up usefulness of knowing learning style to student nurses it makes learning stress-free, more effective and reduces the chance of anxiety. It also saves student nurses undertaking learning on a hit-and-miss basis, becoming an outstanding learner, increases flexibility and helps to learn from a wide variety of different understanding which can be recognized, informal, planned and unplanned. Learning styles will also enable student nurses to improve and develop learning skills. In addition, it increases awareness of how we learn, opens up the whole process to self-scrutiny and improvement. In Honey questionnaire (2006), the author identifies four learning preferences which are Activist, Reflector, Theorist and Pragmatist. My dominant learning style indicated to be a theorist in the formative work. The answer to the questionnaire also shows that my score was also strong for both pragmatist and reflector as a learning preference. While in activist learning style found a low score indicating underdevelopment of my learning style. According to Alghasham (2012) learners predominantly possess different strengths of learning preferences; therefore being dominant in one area does not ultimately imply weakness in the other areas. In the study by Lesmes-Anel, Robinson Moody (2001) found that learners are predominantly reflector-pragmatist compared with trainers as reflector-theorist. Being a theorist according to Honey questionnaire I learn most easily from activities where I have the chance to question and probe practice, I am also stretched by analysing a complex situation by working with people who ask searching for searching similar answers. I adapt and assimilate observations into complex and logically sound theories; I also think problems through stage- by-stage and tend to be perfectionists who like to fit things into a clear structure. The activities that allow a theorist to benefit from the learning process for me as a student nurse are situations where there is a chance to discover the association and the interrelationship between ideas, events and situations. For example, being a theorist allows me to learn best by contributing in class activities which means taking part in good effective communication and it has enabled me to seek for information by asking questions to stimulate others participation and also to understand the coherent and the assumptions of the theories. Conversely, the difficulty here is in the case where there are activities without background information or apparent purpose which will impair my learning and where I feel myself out of tune with other participants, for example when with lots of activist or people of lower intellectual competence. (Honey Mumford, 1986). Evaluating my learning style as an activist has indicated under-developed style in my learning. Having this style will improve my ability to experience new skills by working as an individual. I will have to develop the aspect of my weaker style which is activist to support my learning on the programme and in my career as a nurse by being able to learn from new experiences as learning needs; I will also be prepared to take risk by going outside the comfort zone of what is identified and experiment new and unfamiliar routine and developments. According to Heidari and Galvin (2003) activist learner is an action learning where the learner becomes independent in the learning process thereby contributing to the team. For this to be achieved increasing the independent learning and reduce my day to day routine work which In this case action plan requiring daily tasks will be applied. Honey and Mumford (1986) expressed a pragmatist learner learns best through existing activities that allows the individual to try out. This way learner has the tendency to have the opportunity to practice what they have learnt. In this case, being a pragmatist enable me to take part in activities by effort to follow instructions from lectures, colleagues, authors mentors and nurses on placement who have the theoretical and practical experience to share with. For example, during my first placement I had the opportunities to practice under supervision on how to take out cannulation using the Aseptic Non Touch Techniques (ANTT) to remove cannula and Nasogastric tube in both men and women. This assisted in building myself confidence I needed and also promotes self-regulation of clinical reasoning skills. On the other hand, Honey Mumford (2000) found that it can be difficult for the learner in situations where the learner cannot see significant reward from the activities. In this case, it will be best for me as a student nurse to link theory to practice by asking questions to clarify points being made to develop my understanding. Jasper (2003) expressed reflector as an individual who has the experiences of standing back and looking at a situation from different perspective. Having a high score as a reflector in the questionnaire, shows I will enjoy activities which involve watching, observing and listening to people during group discussion and lecturing session. There also the tendency to think about what has happened or learnt by relating new ideas or information to the past experience and then to examine them (Howatson-Jones, 2010). Learning as a reflector will enables me as a student nurse to be thoughtful and consider all possible areas and implications of obtaining detailed information before making decision (Honey Mumford, 1986). In conclusion learning style is beneficial for student nurses because it allows individuals to reflect on the past, present and future. It has also indicated my dominant learning style and I was able to identify my weaker style which has aided me to provide an action plan that will equip me to learn from a wide variety of experiences for me to be able to deliver good standard of care to patients now and in future. Annotated bibliography Jasper, M. (2003). Beginning reflective practice. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Ltd. This book introduces what reflective practice is all about, importance of reflection, how to reflect both individually and with others, approach of individual learning as well as developing professional practice. It also demonstrates skills necessary for effective practice, benefits of successful reflection to pre-registration and on-going professional development portfolios. The book will also enable student nurses to develop the practical skills necessary to reach the standards for registration as practitioners and make an awareness of individual knowledge, skills and your limitations so as to be competent. Honey, P. Mumford, A. (2006). The learning style questionnaire. Maidenhead: Peter Honey Publication. This learning style questionnaire was given in class and the content of the book explain different definition of learning, focuses on learning styles preferences and helps to see how an awareness of our preferences can help to become more effective learner. It also helps identify our preferred styles and enhance our learning efficiency by guiding us towards learning opportunities that will best suit our partialities. The questionnaire also have 40 learning style question to answer and clarify individual preferred ways of learning so that discrete people will be in a better position to select experiences that suits their style. The book is as used to broaden people scope by strengthening underutilised styles and being able to write essay on how to develop an aspect of our weaker style to support individual learning on the programme. Madeline O Carroll Alistair P. (2007). Essential mental health nursing skills: Elsevier publications. This book will help individual to recognize the skills and resources that students already have and show how these can be developed into the essential skills needed for nursing in health practice environment. The book also identifies four essential skills that are essential to nursing practice and these skills are the ability to form therapeutic relationships, observations, taking on different roles and reflection. Part of the book section focuses on the process of care and provides background in which the essential skills is applied and also covers assessment, care delivery, communication, improving physical wellbeing and managing care. Howatson-Jones, L. (2010). Reflective practice in nursing. Exeter: Learning Matters. This book discussed what reflection is, benefit of reflection, it also state a valued accumulation to the transforming nursing practice and emphasis on reflective practice in the NMC standards for pre-registration nursing education. The book provides method for developing logical skills through different way of using personal and professional reflection for learning and developing as a practitioner. The book is an aid to reflect as well as ways to assimilate personal reflective insight and a means of helping to advance nursing knowledge in more diverse ways. Heidari, F. Galvin, K. (2003). Action learning group: Can they help students develop their knowledge and skills? Nurse Education in Practice, 3, 49-55. This article explain what reflection is, acknowledged three stages to promote reflection which one has to go through, it also indicates ways to help student nurses how to reflect that can be used once qualified and when training. The article also talk about the important of reflective practice as learning resources for education is growing and reflecting on their own personal development as well as sharing the improvement. To sum up the article states the aim of action learning groups (ALGs) and evaluates importance, weakness and strength of the book to student nurses. Lesmes-Anel, J., Robinson, G. Moody, S. (2001). Learning preferences and learning styles: a study of Wessex general practice registrars. British Journal of General Practice, 51, 559-564. This British journal of general practice states learning experiences generate during the year in practice and the aim of this journal are to determine for the general practice registrars the nature of their learning preferences, learning styles and relationships between them. The journal also introduces what learning styles is and how honey and Mumford questionnaire establish the learning styles of 63 general practice learners in their year of practice and how experienced trainers react very differently to identical learning experiences during the year in practice. Finally this journal describe activist as having experiences, reflector as reviewing experiences, theorist as concluding from experience and pragmatist as planning the next steps. REFRENCES Alghasham, A. A. (2012). Effect of students learning styles on classroom performance in problem-based learning. Medical teacher, 34 14-19. Coffield, F., Moseley, D., Hall, E. Ecclestone, K. (2004). Learning style and pedagogy in post-16 learning: a systematic and critical review. London: Learning skills research centre. Goldfinch, J. Hughes, M. (2007). Skills, learning stayles and success of first-year undergraduates. London: Sage Publications. Heidari, F. Galvin, K. (2003). Action learning group: Can they help students develop their knowledge and skills? Nurse Education in Practice, 3, 49-55. Honey, P. Mumford, A. (1986) Manual of Learning Styles. Maidenhead: Peter Honey Publication. Honey, P. Mumford, A. (2000). The learning style questionnaire. Maidenhead: Peter Honey Publication. Honey, P. Mumford, A. (2006). The learning style questionnaire. Maidenhead: Peter Honey Publication. Howatson-Jones, L. (2010). Reflective practice in nursing. Exeter: Learning Matters. Jasper, M. (2003). Beginning reflective practice. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Ltd. Keefe, J. W. (1979). Learning style: an overview. In J. W. Keefe (eds.). Student learning style: Diagnosing and prescribing programs. Reston: NASSP. OCarroll, M Park, A. (2007). Essential mental health nursing skills: Elsevier publications.

Healthy Fast Food Essay -- Essays on Fast Food

It is nearly impossible to turn on the television or radio and not be hit with advertisements introducing the latest fast food trend – fresh and healthy food options. More often, the media bombards us with slogans such as Subway’s common pitch to â€Å"eat fresh† or McDonald’s million-dollar advertisement campaign to try the new fruit and walnut salad. Attention has made an abrupt turn from the greasy, deep-fried originals at the fast food chains to more health conscious food choices. Even a documentary of a man named Morgan Spurlock made headlines and won awards when he ate McDonald’s three times a day for a month and publicized the effects through a movie called Super Size Me. Shortly after Super Size Me caught high publicity attention, McDonald’s has introduced three â€Å"garden fresh salads.† Other popular fast food chains were not far behind the healthy menu options McDonald’s has offered, and soon numerous salad, yogurt, fruit, and grilled chicken food items popped up on every fast food menu. The message is simple; people are becoming too fat due to the consumption of fast food. Therefore, obesity and the demand for fresh, quick food service have increased the popularity of health conscious food selections on fast food menus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obesity, especially child obesity, is becoming more of an epidemic concern among society today and commonly linked to fast food. Recent data suggest that nearly fifteen percent of U.S. youngsters and almost one-third of adults are obese; and everyday nearly one-third of these U.S. children aged four to nineteen eat fast food. Yale University obesity researcher Kelly Brownell said, â€Å"Fast food contributes to increased calorie intake and obesity risk in children† (CBS News). No wonder parents are becoming concerned with the options children have when facing a fast food menu. Parent complaints are not enough of influence to entice the big-ticket fast food joints to make a healthy switch, however, lawsuits is. The nation's obesity epidemic has focused attention on fast-restaurants, and while recent class-action lawsuits attempting to blame McDonald's Corp. for making people fat have failed, many chains have begun offering healthier fare in fear of lawsuits (CBS News). A growing concern with on-the-go food consumers is the freshness and dietary guidelines that go into their diet. Tight schedules make people spend m... ...r, are not the causes for the change – it just happens to fit in perfectly with the scenario. Obesity and freshness have provoked a new health trend in fast food, and it is no secret with all the advertisements. So dare to super size an order of healthy fast food – a once considered oxymoron now becoming more of a reality. â€Å"Diet Trends Today.† May 20, 2004. Blog Spot. June 25, 2005 http://ffood.blogspot.com/ â€Å"Fast Food Linked to Child Obesity.† January 5, 2003. CBS News. June 25, 2005 http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/01/05/health/main591325.shtml â€Å"Fast Food Trends Analyzed.† April 11, 2005. Biz Community. June 25, 2005 http://www.biz-community.com/Article/196/87/6281.html Martin, Andrew. â€Å"What’s Next for Fast Food? McTofu?† June 15, 2005. Chicago Tribune. June 25, 2005 http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/chitribts/20050615/ts_chicagotrib/whatsnextforfastfoodmctofu Solomon, Jesi. â€Å"Healthy Fast Food.† February 2005. Star Chefs. June 25, 2005 http://starchefs.com/features/trends/healthy_fast_food/index.shtml â€Å"The Next McDonald’s?† December 2002. Springwise Newsletter. Trend Watcher.com. June 25, 2005 http://www.springwise.com/newbusinessideas/2002/12/next_mcds.html

Language and Culture Essay

Language and culture reciprocate a fluid relationship. They both interact and shape the structure through which individuals can mediate their lives within a social context. Language and culture are immanent forces that help to define and open up the way we understand various dimensions of our lives, whether through the mass media and advertising, science and technology, slang, diverse vocabulary, changes of meanings. This essay will aim to break down the specific forums through which language is useful to culture and how culture forms the mechanisms and strategies through which we use language. I will begin with a discussion of the relationship between language and culture and then move on to the different paradigms that contain specific uses of language. To begin, it will be helpful to lay a framework upon which to build a working definition of language. According to the University of Princeton’s online dictionary, language is â€Å"a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols† (Language). This is straightforward enough for us to understand that language acts as a medium for communicating. The key terms to highlight here are systematic as well symbols because they stretch the function of the definition to include the power that institutions have over language as well as the way that language can shift and change through semiotics. As a system, language relies upon a specific and formal set of rules in order to function. Grammar, syntax, slang, and meaning are all elicited from the rules of language. The institution of a particular language also varies greatly depending on socio-economic factors as well as through educational strategies. For example, with the rise of information technology and the internet as well as through global capitalism, the English language has taken center stage as a pseudo-global language due to its far reaching capacity and its prevalence in scientific and technological innovations. It will be interesting to see how the role of English changes as the world becomes smaller through interconnectivity and the rise of other global languages such as Chinese. Different cultures, through different languages, create different modes of expression and understanding that give rise to cultural diversity. Cultural diversity relies upon the comparing and contrasting mechanisms through which meaning is ingrained. Semiotics is the realm of language that is concerned with signs and signification. Language is the tool through which we identify particular signs and accord them a meaning, or a signification. This is important because through the sign, or symbol, a culture places specific connotations beyond the traditional denotative structure of language. Language both identifies and distinguishes. This is where varying mediums play a significant role on the way cultures digest and create their lives through language. To illustrate how this works, I will next discuss the role that the mass media has on both the language of culture and the culture of language. The dominance of mass media and advertising over the realms of cross cultural communication cannot be underestimated. Through advertisements, newspapers, television, radio, and the internet, people across the world have instant access to a constant stream of information that shapes the way we live our lives. This can have both positive and negative impacts. On the positive side, mass media acts a vehicle for cross cultural dialogue. It provides people with a common language and a common set of terms through which to discuss the pressing issues of the day. The information presented is current and has a specific point of focus. Depending on a person’s cultural condition and through which avenue of mass media they travel on the information highway, the meaning of the information changes dramatically. In this way, two people from different cultures can watch the same news clip and come away from the experience with two completely different understandings from the same language and information. On the negative side of mass media we can point to what cultural theorists beginning with Antonio Gramsci have termed cultural hegemony. This names a dual process through which competing ideologies are struggled out on the stage of culture and through which subversive or outsider paradigms are brought into the dominant arena of culture in order to assimilate and therefore neutralize the conflict of interests (Chandler). This applies to our discussion of language and culture because it helps explain how the role of the media frames certain issues in order to parlay a particular point of view. For example, here in America hegemony can be witnessed through the way Fox News presents its conservative political agenda against the way that Comedy Central portrays its progressive politics through shows like the Daily Show. The language presented and used in media relies upon subtle ideological functioning in order to suggest at an agenda or viewpoint instead of simply communicating said purpose. As mentioned before, language both identifies and distinguishes. As in the previous example of news presentation, we can see how Fox News identifies its audience through its conservative ideology. By identifying as they do, they also distinguish themselves from the liberal-leaning Daily Show audience. It will be interesting to see how much, if any, influence Fox News can have during the Obama presidency and the rise of liberalism after relying so heavily upon Republican and conservative politics through the Bush administration. The shift in the power of balance in American politics will sway the tide of public opinion in the arena of culture that hegemony frames. We can also witness the way science and technologies rely upon specific uses of language in order to elucidate communication and meaning. Perhaps this arena of culture illustrates the example best. Science and technology create paradigms of knowledge. By this, we can see how biochemists almost literally speak another language than nuclear physicists in their professional lives. Again, this is not a positive or a negative situation; it is a cultural practice that plays itself out through particular frameworks of understanding the world. Another interesting example of how science and technology play out in the realm of language is to consider the macro level. As hinted at earlier, science and technology, with their innovations originating largely from the United States and Japan, have consisted and evolved through the language of not just professional jargon, but specifically and nearly exclusively through English. In his innovative essay, Translingual Travel: The Discourse Practice of Cultural Hegemony, Chinese cultural theorist Dai Xun writes of the impact this phenomenon has in China, â€Å"The primary premise in the rise of cultural hegemony is the advantages and control western countries enjoy over science, technology and information (Xun). This is another form of cultural hegemony that phases out periphery languages at the cost of integrating English into the global vocabulary as well as forming the unbalanced socio-economic relationships of our age. Language is utilized for specific purposes through systematic controls and symbolic gestures. That being said, language is not a monolithic and static entity. Although language relies on specific grammatical and syntactical rules, cultures have always innovated and bent the rules of grammar in an effort to assert their unique cultural conditions. The rise of slang is one of the most important and culturally reinforcing tactics that marginal groups use to coalesce and self-identify. Slang is a part of language, and it follows that it serves again to identify as well as to distinguish. One of the most striking examples of slang can be witnessed in hip-hop music. Hip-hop is rapidly becoming a global phenomena and it goes beyond just the music to include fashion, dancing, music making and lifestyle. In this way, the slang the hip-hop community uses separates them from other groups while also helping them to identify with like-minded people. Hegemony in the realm of hip-hop can help explain how power relations work themselves out through culture. In its infancy, hip-hop was a culture unique to African-Americans in inner-city America. With its popularity and rise through mass media, white, middle-class teenagers are adopting hip-hop into their lifestyles and trying to identify with the conditions that gave rise to it. This is how dominant culture integrates what was previously a subversive and politically threatening subculture into the mainstream. Now we see hip-hop artists in children’s cartoons, at suburban schools and in the malls. In conclusion, language and culture maintain mutually reinforcing relationship. Both dominant and subversive forms of communication are played out on the arena of cultural hegemony. This condition goes beyond the traditional positive/negative paradigm of culture. What is important to some cultures can have very little significance to others. Works Cited Chandler, Daniel. (2000). Gramsci and Hegemony. Marxist Media Theory. Retrieved December 22, 2008 from http://www. aber. ac. uk/media/Documents/marxism/marxism10. html Language. (2008). Wordnet. Princeton University. Retrieved December 22, 2008 from http://wordnetweb. princeton. edu/perl/webwn? s=language Xun, Dai. (2008). Translingual Travel: The Discourse Practice of Cultural Hegemony. Southwest Normal University. Retrieved December 22, 2008 from www. ln. edu. hk/eng/staff/eoyang/icla/Translingual%20Travel

An Introduction to Organisational Learning and Knowledge Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2402 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Introduction (2464 words) The field of organizational learning (OL) and knowledge management (KM) has acknowledged the attention of researchers and practitioners from all over the world in the past 20 years and will grow constantly in the next 10 years (Easterby-Smith and Lyles, 2011). The main reason for growth of this field because of the contribution of knowledge workers in the growth of knowledge economy. As Drucker (1999) has highlighted that knowledge workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ productivity is the great challenge for the competitive edge of a global economy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Introduction to Organisational Learning and Knowledge Management" essay for you Create order Therefore, organizations need to focus more on the organizational learning (OL) concept to promote knowledge management in this era. Organizational learning is a change in the organization that occurs as the organization acquires experience. However, Eaterby- Smith (2000) debated that organizational learning defined as a change in cognitions or behaviour. Overall, most of the researchers would agree with the defining organizational learning as a change in the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s knowledge that occurs as a function of experience (Fiol and Lyles, 1985). In the organization learning, knowledge can manifest itself in changes in cognitions or behaviour that including explicit and tacit components. Knowledge management is the planning, organizing, motivating and control of people, processes and systems in the organization to ensure knowledge- relate assets are improves and employed (W.R. King, 2009). From the knowledge management in the organizational learning would be tr ansfer the knowledge through the knowledge management process to develop the social media. Creativity and innovation would be developing from knowledge management in the organization. The objectives of this paper are: Identify how organizations learn from the literature on the topic in recent conceptual framework. Report the nature of knowledge management from the literature on the topic in recent conceptual framework. Undertake an analysis of KLM- Royal Dutch Airlines and how KLM develop/ exploit Social Media (SM) for business advantages. Determine how KLM become more innovative as consequence of theoretical and empirical analysis of OL/KM and SM. Literature Review Organizational Learning (recent conceptual framework) Figure 1 show the framework for analysing organizational learning aims to parse organizational learning to make it more tractable analytically. Glynn et al. (1994) claimed that organizational learning occurs in a context that includes organization and the environment in which the organization is implanted. Experiences from the workers in the organization transpire as task performance in the framework. Experience can be measured in term of cumulative number of task performances (Argote and Miron- Spektor, 2011). For example, experience would be measured by cumulative numbers of products or services designed in design firms. Figure 1: A theoretical framework for analysing organizational learning Source: Argote and Miron Spektor 2011, Journal of Organization Science Environmental context also involve in this framework where includes elements outside the boundaries of the organization or called as external forces such as competitors, clients, institutions and regulators. A s a result, the environmental context also affects the experience the organization acquires. From the figure above prove that context interacts with experience to create knowledge. Therefore, knowledge acquired by learning is embedded in the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s context and changes the context. Weber and Camerer (2003) stated that knowledge can be embedded in the active context and organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s latent context such as its culture that will effect for the future learning. The active context comprises the basic element of organizations, members and tools that related with the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s task. Then, the latent context affects which individuals are members of the organizations, type of tools and task performed. By contrast, latent and active context is the capability for action. The conceptualization of active context in this theoretical framework builds on the concept of McGrath and colleagues (Arrow et al. 2000, McGrath and Argote, 2001). With the combination of their frameworks which is basic element about the members, tools and tasks combine to form networks called as organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s social network. Social network could be within organization where knowledge is transferred from one people to another people within organization. Moving members from one organizational unit to another is also a mechanism for transferring knowledge (Kane et al. 2005) called as knowledge transfer. For example by helping to identify pattern in data where task sequences can also be knowledge repositories and serve as knowledge transfer mechanism (Darr et al. 1995). 2.2 Nature of Knowledge Management (recent conceptual framework) First of all, the theory of organizational knowledge creation developed by Nonaka and his colleagues (Nonaka 1994; Nonaka et. al. 1994; Nonaka Takeuchi 1995; Nonaka et. al. 2000; 2001a; Nonaka Toyama 2003) created in studies of information creation in innovating companies (Imai et. al. 1985; Nonaka 1988a, 1988b, 1990, 1991b, Nonaka Yamanouchi 1989; Nonaka Kenney 1991) and performs to have undergone two phases of development. Initially, there are two dimensional theory of knowledge creation by Nonaka. Firstly, epistemological that relate to the social interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge whereby knowledge is converted, and new knowledge created by (Nonaka et. al. 1994: 338; Nonaka 1994: 15). Four modes of knowledge conversion known as SECI model today was identified in Figure 2 which is tacit to tacit (Socialization), tacit to explicit (Externalization), explicit to explicit (Combination), and explicit to tacit (Internalization) where it called as knowledge management in an organization. Nonaka and Konno (1999) describe knowledge creation as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“spiralling process of interactions between explicit and tacit knowledge Figure 2: The knowledge creation Source: Nonaka Takeuchi 1995 Knowledge is often defined as a justif ied personal belief. The most fundamental distinction of taxonomies is between tacit and explicit knowledge. Polanyi (1966) stated that tacit knowledge inhabits the minds of people and either impossible, or difficult, to articulate. However, some knowledge is inserted in business processes, activities, and relationships that have been created over time through the implementation of a continuing series of improvements. In fact, explicit knowledge exists in the form of words, sentences, documents, organized data, and computer programs and in other explicit forms. From the theoretical creation of the knowledge by Nonaka and Takeuchi, the other frameworks can be continuously developed in the organization to improve the organizational performance for the future. The model in Figure 3 shows the initiation of the KM framework involves from creation or the acquisition of knowledge in an organization. Knowledge creation involves developing new knowledge or replacing existing knowledge wit h new content (Nonaka, 1994). The focus of this is usually on knowledge creation inside the boundary of the firm or in conjunction with partners. The four bullet points under à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Creationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  refer to Nonakaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1994) four modes of knowledge creation of socialization (the conversion of tacit knowledge to new tacit knowledge through social interactions and shared experiences), combination (creating new explicit knowledge by merging, categorizing, and synthesizing existing explicit knowledge), externalization (converting tacit knowledge to new explicit knowledge) and internalization (the creation of new tacit knowledge from explicit knowledge). Figure 3: Knowledge Management (KM) process/ framework in the organization. Source: William R. King (2009) Acquisition in the table illustrate some processes for acquiring knowledge from external sources for instance searching as on the Internet (Menon and Pfeffer, 2003), sourcing (selecting the s ource to use) (King and Lekse, 2006) and grafting (adding an individual who possesses desired knowledge to the organization) (Huber, 1991) . Once knowledge is transferred or shared within organization through elaboration in term of development of different interpretations, infusion in term of identification of underlying issues, and thoroughness in term of development of multiple understandings by different individuals or groups (King and Ko, 2001) so that the knowledge would be helpful in facilitating innovation, collective learning, individual learning and collaborative problem solving (King, 2005). It may also be implanted in the practices, systems, products and relationships of the organization through the creation of knowledge-intensive organizational capabilities (Levitt and March, 1988). At the end of the result, depicts knowledge having impact on the organizational performance in the future that will improved productivity, revenues, profit and return on investment (Kin g, 2009). 3.0 Case Analysis: KLM- Royal Dutch Airlines and Social Media KLM Royal Dutch Airlines has operated flights all over the world for more than 90 years. KLM is one of the largest airlines and most successful international airline companies with more than 32,000 employees offering more than 133 international destinations all over the world. KLM has taken the enterprise for Corporate Social Responsibility directed at customers, employees and society. For this reason, KLM exploited social media to more fully attain the company mission of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Developing/ Exploiting of Social Media for Business Advantage KLM has started to use social media in the business through Twitter in 2009 and Facebook in early 2009. Social media became more useful and explosive beginning following the eruption of the Icelandic volcano in Ireland, EyjafjallajÃÆ' ¶kull in April 2010. Due to this problem that produced an ash, it was causing airline flights to come to all stall for 6 days without any business running. During this time, customer service requests became more crowded and caused problem in KLMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s call centre. Fortunately by developing of social media since 2009, KLM using social media elements with the help of internal volunteers to quickly respond via Facebook and Twitter. KLM acknowledged a lot of positive publicity about deciding customer service issues socially during this crisis and the effect of using social media networks as a form of customer interaction was profound at this stage. Finally for the business advantages in the future, CEO of KLM, Peter Hartman announcing that the company would invest in evolving an on-going social media strategy centrally focused around improving customer centricity by referring Figure 4. Figure 4: Social Media used by KLM- Royal Dutch Airlines (Twitter and Facebook) Three elements that important about social media acknowledged by KLM top management for the busin ess advantages are KLM strives to distribute brilliant customer support through social media, recognizes customers talk about brands on social media and social media is an excellent acquisition channel for the fans compare to the marketing campaign. With this three elements, KLM established a company-wide policy that involved a joint effort of multiple departments intended at leveraging à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“service, brand and commerceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  via social media. KLM established social media management team to dependably post creative, engaging content and campaigns develop social products and to offer customers 24/7 service and every issue must be resolved within 24 hours. This will give the business advantage to the KLM where it will encourage the loyalty of the passengers and derived the revenue for the future from the KLM three pillar social media strategy, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Reputation, Service and Commerceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Some other business advantage derived from the social me dia implemented by KLM are higher internal emphasis on servicing the customers by communication via social networks, direct feedback by KLM customers resulted for the product improvement and improve commercial value of KLM. Other than that, more united and proud employee base due to the compliments receives via social media and KLM optimized the daily social content and organized creative campaign. 4.0 KLM- Royal Dutch Airlines Innovations KLM began to introduce innovation campaign to show the dedication to social customer service rather than just responding through social media. The campaign gave advantage to the KLM where led to more satisfied customer based, improve engaged social community and as a result could drastically increase in fan growth and brand awareness. Figure 5: KLM business innovation Source: Socialbakers- KLM Case Study (2013) Live Reply KLM wanted to show dedicated of social media awareness to the customers in September 2011 with help of m ore than 500 internal volunteers where KLM responded to each individual tweet and post with a one minute adapted video of KLM employees that holding letters to form the fitting response in live. Figure 6: Live reply by KLM Meet and Seat This social product allows for KLM passengers especially entrepreneur to search for other passengers on the same flight connect through Twitter or Facebook and then organize sitting next to each other that will gain valuable awareness when traveling to new markets. Figure 7: Passenger search for other passengers for same flight via Twitter and Facebook Trip Planner The product is designed to allow with simply steps which is passenger will plan a trip and invite friends, then book KLM flights via a social application. This will increases KLM profits originating from social media and provides customer service effectively. Figure 8: KLM trip planner KLM Surprise KLMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s social media managers ran a campaign t hat involved by monitoring passengersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ social profiles and the activity of booking with the airlines. Then, when the passenger arrived at their destination, passenger would receive a surprise gift from KLM for flying as a token of appreciation to show to the world. Figure 9: KLMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s staff giving surprised to passengers Through the theoretical and empirical analysis of organizational learning, knowledge management and social media, this case study about KLM shows the correlation between the knowledge transfer within KLM and social network developed in the organization. As a result, the knowledge management will be transfer to develop some of the innovation in the organization for example using social media for business advantage and increase KLMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance for the future. 5.0 Conclusion As a conclusion, knowledge management is conducted in many different ways in the organization that should be headed by a Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO). Knowledge management strategy could be implemented by CKO to the other department for instance, the communications linkages among various KM groups are of great importance (King, 2005; King, 2008). Therefore, organizational culture is believed to influence the knowledge-related behaviours of individuals, teams, organizational units and overall organizations because it importantly influences the determination of which knowledge it is appropriate to share, with whom and when importantly (Oliver and Kandadi, 2006). Knowledge is transferred within organization from department to other department to form the social network in the organization. However, performance of the organization improve by using the technology today that develop from the organizational learning in the form of social media via Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Google and so on. From the development of social media that exploit business advantages to the organization, the innovation will take place to review and improve the performance in the organization as in KLM- Dutch Airlines case study. Implication and Limitation of the Report The implications of the report are researcher could critically understand about nature, process of knowledge creation and transfer within social network organization. Other than that, this report could evaluate how individual learning and organizational dynamics combine to create innovation as KLM does. The limitation of the report is the lack of journal that relates innovation and social media because social media is just develops in 21st century around 2010 and above. Last but not least, time of doing the research about the empirical data of KM, OL and SM involve in the report is not enough to come out the best research. (2464 words) References